BRIEF-A: Factor structure and measurement invariance across self-report and informant forms.

OBJECTIVE: This study analyzes the psychometric properties of the two forms (self-report and informant) of the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Adult version (BRIEF-A) in a sample of healthy Portuguese adults. METHOD: The participants were 608 adults, 304 of whom answered the self-report form (ages 18-59; 137 male and 167 female) and 304 who answered the informant form (ages 18-70; 110 male and 194 female). RESULTS: The internal consistency for the indexes and the Global Executive Composite was very good (≥.90), whereas for the scales they were either acceptable (between .70 and .80) or good (≥.80), except for the Inhibit scale in both forms. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to test seven competing factor models for each of the forms. The original two-factor model (Behavioral Regulation and Metacognition Indexes) showed a slightly better model fit than the three-factor model (Behavioral Regulation, Emotional Regulation, and Metacognition Indexes) in both forms. The multiple-group analysis of the two-correlated-factor model across forms was supported (configural, metric, and partial scalar invariance). CONCLUSIONS: Overall, the BRIEF-A showed adequate psychometric properties, suggesting that it is a useful instrument to assess everyday executive functioning in healthy Portuguese adults.

YES, WE COPE: Dyadic Coping as a Mediator Between Perceived Relationship Quality and Emotional Representation of COVID-19.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has brought about social changes that have impacted the functioning and dynamics of couples in a romantic relationship, arising from the overwhelming amount of added stress they have endured. Specifically, the divorce rate in Portugal has increased after lockdown, which underscores the adverse consequences of COVID-19 on couples. A lower quality of the couple's relationship may worsen the emotional representation of COVID-19; however, the literature suggests that perceived partner dyadic coping responses have a great influence on adverse events. The aim of the present study was to assess the mediating role of partner coping in the association between relationship quality and emotional representation of COVID-19. We also sought to observe whether the length of the relationship moderates this association. Methods: Participants (N = 528) were adults living in Portugal (84.7% female) currently in a romantic relationship with their current partner for at least 1 year. Online data collection. Results: We found that relationship quality predicted COVID-19 emotional representation, but this association was fully mediated by total dyadic coping. This association was especially significant in couples with a shorter length of time in the relationship. Conclusions: We point out the importance of dyadic coping as a protective factor against emotional distress to cope with the ongoing stressors associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. These data suggest the need for relationship education programs that promote positive coping between partners. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10608-023-10379-4.

Attending (or not) after-school programs during the COVID-19 pandemic: What happens to children's social skills and behavior problems?

The demand for After-School Programs (ASP) has increased in the last decades, mainly related to the reduced availability of the family to take care of children in the after-school period. This study aimed to compare two groups of children who attend (ASP group) or not ASP (comparison group), from the first and second grade, regarding their social skills and behavior problems. Teachers assessed 120 children (half by group) across three times (one before and two during the COVID-19 pandemic). A pattern of ASP attendance was determined, in order to understand whether ASP attendance influences social skills and behavior problems. The results indicated that children who attended ASP showed higher levels of self-control and assertion skills. Higher levels of hyperactivity were reported by teachers for both groups when children came back to school after the first COVID-19 lockdown. Parents enrolled their children in ASP mostly for safety; and ASP attendance had a positive effect on social skills and negative on behavior problems. The implications of attending ASP associated to a more positive child development are discussed.

School-Age Child Routines: Adaptation and Validation Studies of the Portuguese Version of the Child Routines Questionnaire.

Child routines have been recognized as positive contributors to children's development. However, in Portugal there is still a lack of instruments available to assess school-age child routines. The purpose of this study was to present the translation, adaptation, and validation studies of the Portuguese version of the Child Routines Questionnaire (CRQ), a parent self-report measure developed to assess school-age child routines. A total of 460 parents of children aged between 6 and 12 years-old participated in the study. Two studies were conducted to define the CRQ-PT factor structure. In Study 1 (n = 204 children from 6 to 12 years-old), findings from the exploratory factor analysis provided evidence for a four-factor structure (for 32 items), which explained 43.53% of the total variance. In Study 2 (n = 256 children from 6 to 9 years-old), results from confirmatory factor analysis showed good model fit indices (CFI = 0.84, RMSEA = 0.06). The total scale of the CRQ-PT (α = 0.89) and its subscales showed good internal consistency. Further evidence of construct validity was shown by weak to moderate correlations with measures of parental sense of competence and family mealtime routines. Relevant contributions of the study are underscored, namely the availability and usefulness of a reliable and valid assessment tool to evaluate the routines of Portuguese school-age children for clinical practice and research purposes.

Factor structure and measurement invariance of the BRIEF2 Parent Form across gender in a Portuguese sample.

This study aimed to investigate the factor structure and the measurement invariance across gender of the BRIEF2 Parent Form in Portuguese typically developing children. Participants were 700 typically developing children (n = 352 girls and n = 348 boys) aged 6-16 years. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to test five competing factor models. Consistent with the BRIEF2 original dimensional structure, the three-factor model demonstrated the most adequate fit to the data. The measurement invariance of the three-factor model across gender was supported (configural, metric, and partial scalar invariance). Overall, the BRIEF2 Parent Form showed adequate psychometric properties, suggesting that it is a useful instrument to assess everyday executive functioning based on reports of behaviors observed by parents in healthy Portuguese children.

Support interventions for families of people with terminal cancer in palliative care.

OBJECTIVE: The terminal phase of cancer represents a major crisis for the family system. Regardless of the caregiving role they undertake, family members are forced to address multiple impacts when facing the approaching death of their terminally ill loved one. International guidelines recognize the importance of integrating the family into a care plan. However, more needs to be known about how to deliver optimal family support. The purpose of this study is to review the current state of the art in family/caregiver-focused interventions of people with terminal cancer in palliative care. METHOD: For this purpose, an overview of the literature's systematic reviews on the topic was conducted to select Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) on family/caregiver-focused interventions. RESULTS: Nine interventions were found in the systematic reviews of literature and meta-analysis. These family/caregiver-focused interventions were then thoroughly and critically analyzed. Despite the heterogeneity with regard to their characteristics, the interventions commonly focused on caregiving matters, were brief in duration, and delivered by non-mental health experts. The efficacy of such interventions was seen as modest. SIGNIFICANCE OF RESULTS: Family/caregiver-focused interventions in palliative care remain a matter of concern and more research is needed to identify adequate and effective ways of helping families that face the crisis of terminal illness in the system.

A Visual-Analogue Screening Tool for Assessing Mood and Quality of Daily Life Complications in Family Members of People Living With Cancer: Portuguese Version of the Emotion Thermometers: Burden Version.

Cancer is a disease that impacts not only the patient but also affects the entire family. Family members experience high levels of distress. Therefore, screening for cancer-specific distress among family members of people with cancer is important but relatively unexplored. This cross-sectional study aims to analyze the psychometric properties of a screening tool for family members of people with cancer. We examined the usefulness of the emotional thermometers burden version (ET-BV) in detecting caregiver emotional distress. The ET-BV is a simple multidomain visual analogue scale distributed in two major domains: "emotional upset" and "impact." A total of 364 cancer patients' family members completed the ET-BV and Brief Symptom Inventory. Analyses were aimed to examine the diagnostic accuracy (receiver operating characteristic) of the ET-BV. A fair to good diagnostic accuracy was achieved for ET-BV. For emotional upset thermometers, a cutoff of ≥5 was determined and for impact thermometers, a cutoff of ≥4 was established. ET-BV seems to be a useful, quick, and simple tool for distress screening in family members of people with cancer. A revision of a specific thermometer is discussed in order to increase ET screening performance and clinical utility.

Psychological morbidity in family caregivers of people living with terminal cancer: Prevalence and predictors.

OBJECTIVE: The issues surrounding a patient's terminal phase of cancer and the imminent death of the individual represent a major family crisis affecting all its members. The goal of this study was to assess the prevalence of psychological morbidity in family caregivers of persons with terminal cancer in terms of psychological distress, depression, anxiety, somatization, and complicated anticipatory grief, and to determine which factors may influence these responses. METHOD: One hundred and twelve family caregivers of individuals with terminal cancer completed an assessment protocol comprising the Brief Symptom Inventory (depression, anxiety, somatization, and a computed score for global distress), the Marwit-Meuser Caregiver Grief Inventory - Short Form (anticipatory grief), the Family Inventory of Needs (importance and satisfaction of needs), and the Systemic Clinical Outcome Routine Evaluation -15 (family functioning). Prevalence of psychological morbidity was determined through descriptive and frequency statistics. Predictors of psychological morbidity were ascertained through structural equation modelling methods.ResultRegarding the prevalence of psychological morbidity in family caregivers, 66.1% reported high levels of distress, 68.8% showed high risk of depression, 72.3% showed high risk of anxiety, 50.9% reported high levels of somatization, and 25.9% showed high risk of complicated anticipatory grief. It was found that the predictors of age, gender, relationship to the family member with terminal cancer, the caregiving role played (i.e., primary vs. nonprimary), the satisfaction of needs by healthcare professionals, and family functioning play an important role in terms of one's risk of developing psychological morbidity.Significance of resultsThis study revealed an alarming prevalence of psychological morbidity in family caregivers of individuals living with terminal cancer, making it crucial to move forward from a patient-centered approach to a family-centrad approach to reduce the risk of family maladjustment when facing the imminent death of a family member and to prevent postdeath unadjusted responses.

Stressful Life Events and Physical and Psychological Health: Mediating Effects of Differentiation of Self in a Spanish Sample.

The pathways between differentiation of self and health remain only partly elucidated. This cross-cultural study sought to test Bowen's hypothesis about the associations between differentiation, stressful life events, and physical and psychological health, in a sample of 466 Spanish adults. Results show that people with higher levels of differentiation were less prone to physical ailments (e.g., heart disease, cancer, or blood disorders) and psychological symptoms (e.g., depression or anxiety). Further, differentiation mediated the association between stress (i.e., perceived negativity of stress in the past year and number of stressful events across the lifetime) and physical and psychological health. The current research provides cross-cultural empirical evidence for the links between differentiation and mind and body health in a Mediterranean culture.

Observação da interação professor-aluno no jardim de infância: O Teacher-Pupil Observation Tool / Observation of teacher-student interaction in preschool: the teacher-pupil observation tool / Observación de la interacción profesor-alumno en la educación infantil: el teacher-pupil observation tool

Este estudo teve como objetivo apresentar a versão portuguesa do Teacher-Pupil Observation Tool (T-POT), no que diz respeito ao acordo e fidedignidade entre observadores e às categorias de comportamentos observadas nos professores na sua utilização em contexto pré-escolar. Três observadores receberam treinamento na cotação de 11 categorias de comportamentos do professor do T-POT. Posteriormente, 65 professoras de jardim de infância foram observadas durante 25 minutos, numa situação de interação nas suas salas com um pequeno grupo de crianças. Obteve-se uma média de acordo entre observadores de 74% nas sessões de treinamento e coeficientes de correlação intraclasse de 0,90-0,99. Os resultados indicam que as categorias do T-POT mais utilizadas pelas professoras nas suas interações com as crianças são questões, confirmações e ordens. A discussão salienta as implicações para a prática e a pesquisa da utilização de medidas de observação na avaliação da interação professor-aluno nas salas de jardim de infância. (AU)

The purpose of this study was to present the Portuguese version of the Teacher-Pupil Observation Tool (T-POT), in terms of agreement and reliability among observers and the categories of behaviors observed in teachers when used in preschool setting. Three observers were trained in scoring 11 T-POT teacher's behavior categories. Subsequently, 65 preschool teachers were observed with T-POT during 25 minutes, while interacting in their classrooms with a small group of children. A mean of 74% of agreement was reached between observers for the training sessions and intraclass correlation coefficients of 0,90-0,99. The results indicate that the T-POT categories most used by teachers in their interactions with children are questions, acknowledgments and commands. The discussion highlights the implications for practice and research on the use of observation measures in the assessment of teacher-student interaction in preschool classrooms. (AU)

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo presentar la versión portuguesa del Teacher-Pupil Observation Tool (T-POT), en lo que se refiere al acuerdo y la confiabilidad entre observadores y, por otro lado, las categorías de comportamiento observadas en los profesores en la utilización del test en el contexto preescolar. Tres observadores recibieron entrenamiento en la cotización de 11 categorías de comportamiento del profesor del T-POT. Posteriormente, 65 profesoras de la educación infantil fueron observadas utilizando el T-POT durante 25 minutos, en una situación de interacción en sus aulas con un pequeño grupo de niños. Se obtuvo un acuerdo medio del 74% entre observadores en las sesiones de entrenamiento y coeficientes de correlación intraclase de 0,90-0,99. Los resultados indican que las categorías del T-POT más utilizadas por las profesoras en sus interacciones con los niños son cuestiones, confirmaciones y órdenes. La discusión destaca las implicaciones para la práctica y la investigación de la utilización de medidas de observación en la evaluación de la interacción profesor-alumno en la educación infantil. (AU)

Measuring family needs of people living with cancer. Portuguese validation and descriptive studies of the Family Inventory of Needs.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to validate the Portuguese version of the Family Inventory of Needs (FIN). The FIN aims to measure important family needs and their fulfilment by a healthcare team. METHODS: This cross-sectional study involved a sample of 364 family members of cancer patients, recruited from three medical institutions and through online recruitment. Three instruments were used: a socio-demographic questionnaire, the FIN and the Brief Symptom Inventory - 18 (BSI-18). Construct validity and reliability were considered regarding the FIN's psychometric properties. The method used to determine construct validity was factor structure analysis (confirmatory factor analysis), inter-factor correlations (Spearman's rank correlation) and convergent validity (Spearman's rank correlation). To assess scale reliability, the FIN's internal consistency was evaluated (Cronbach's alpha coefficient). Descriptive and frequency statistics and tests to compare means were used to assess important needs and to what extent they were met. RESULTS: The four-factor structure of the FIN was confirmed. Thus, the FIN has four domains: Basic Information, Information on treatment and care, Support and Patient Comfort. Convergent validity with the BSI-18 was verified. Both subscales of the FIN and each domain exceeded the minimum reliability standard of 0.70. Family members also reported important needs that were not adequately met by healthcare professionals. CONCLUSIONS: The Portuguese version of the FIN seems to be a reliable and valid tool for identifying cancer patients' important family needs and to what extent these are met.

Validating the Preschool and Kindergarten Behavior Scales-2: Preschoolers with autism spectrum disorders.

Social skills deficits and some behavior problems are a well-established issue in preschoolers with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, most of the studies available analyze social skills or behavior problems of children with ASD, but not both. The present study intends to compare the social skills and behavior problems of 32 preschoolers with ASD paired with 32 typically developing preschoolers, as evidence of validity of the Portuguese version of the Preschool and Kindergarten Behavior Scales - Second Edition (PKBS-2). Each child was rated independently by parents and teachers. Results showed a statistically significant difference in all PKBS-2 scores between the two groups, with the children with ASD rated with fewer social skills and more behavior problems by both informants. The discriminant analysis highlighted the three Social Skills, the Over-Activity/Lack of Attention and Social Withdrawal subscales as more accurate in differentiating between the two groups. The implications of using a single behavior rating scale that can be filled in by different informants (parents and teachers) to assess positive and negative behaviors are emphasized. Furthermore, the usefulness of the PKBS-2 as a screening assessment tool that could be used in clinical practice and intervention with preschoolers with ASD is discussed.

Validity evidences for the portuguese version of the problem behavior scale: preschool and kindergarten behavior scales-2 / Evidências de validade da versão portuguesa da escala de problemas do comportamento: preschool and kindergarten behavior scales-2 / Evidencias de validez de la versión portuguesa de la escala de problemas de conducta: preschool and kindergarten behavior scales-2

The early identification of problem behaviors is essential in preschool. This paper presents evidence of validity (confirmatory factor analysis) for the Problem Behavior scale of the Portuguese version of the Preschool and Kindergarten Behavior Scales - Second Edition (PKBS-2). Analyses were performed for the scale's 46 items, which were grouped into 16 item-parcels. Once it was verified that the model fit the total sample (N = 2000; CFI = .98; RMSEA = .06), analyses were replicated for the samples collected at home and at school (n = 1000 per setting). Results indicate a factor structure equivalent to the original version, with five supplemental subscales, distributed into two subscales (Externalizing and Internalizing), stable for the two subsamples, with high internal consistency levels (α = .78-.97). The discussion highlights the utility/validity of the Portuguese version of the Problem Behavior scale among preschoolers.

A identificação precoce de problemas do comportamento é essencial na idade pré-escolar. Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar evidências de validade (análise fatorial confirmatória) da escala de Problemas do Comportamento da versão portuguesa das Preschool and Kindergarten Behavior Scales - Second Edition (PKBS-2). Foram efetuadas análises para os 46 itens da escala, posteriormente reagrupados em 16 parcelas. Verificado o ajustamento do modelo para a totalidade da amostra (N = 2000; CFI = 0,98; RMSEA = 0,06), as análises foram replicadas para as subamostras recolhidas em casa e na escola (n = 1000 por contexto). Os resultados apontam para uma estrutura fatorial equivalente à da versão original, com cinco subescalas suplementares, repartidas por duas subescalas (Externalizante e Internalizante), e estável para as duas subamostras, com valores elevados de consistência interna (α = 0,78-0,97). A discussão enfatiza a utilidade/validade da versão portuguesa da escala de Problemas do Comportamento com pré-escolares.

La identificación temprana de los problemas de conducta es esencial en el preescolar. Este artículo tiene como objetivo presentar evidencias de validez (análisis factorial confirmatorio) de la escala de Problemas de Conducta de la versión portuguesa de las Preschool and Kindergarten Behavior Scales - Second Edition (PKBS-2). Se realizaron análisis para los 46 ítems de la escala, posteriormente reagrupados en 16 parcelas. Se verifico el ajuste del modelo en la muestra completa (N = 2000; CFI = 0,98; RMSEA = 0,06), y se replicaron los análisis en las submuestras recogidas en casa y en la escuela (n = 1000 por contexto). Los resultados apuntan a una estructura factorial equivalente a la de la versión original, con cinco subescalas suplementarias, distribuidas en dos subescalas (Externalizante e Internalizante), que se mantiene en ambas submuestras, con valores elevados de consistencia interna (α = 0,78-0,97). La discusión acentúa la utilidad/validez de la versión portuguesa de la escala de Problemas de Conducta con preescolares.

Validity Evidences for the Portuguese Version of the Problem Behavior Scale: Preschool and Kindergarten Behavior Scales-2 / Evidências de Validade da Versão Portuguesa da Escala de Problemas do Comportamento: Preschool and Kindergarten Behavior Scales-2 / Evidencias de Validez de la Versión Portuguesa de la Escala de Problemas de Conducta: Preschool and Kindergarten Behavior Scales-2

ABSTRACT The early identification of problem behaviors is essential in preschool. This paper presents evidence of validity (confirmatory factor analysis) for the Problem Behavior scale of the Portuguese version of the Preschool and Kindergarten Behavior Scales - Second Edition (PKBS-2). Analyses were performed for the scale's 46 items, which were grouped into 16 item-parcels. Once it was verified that the model fit the total sample (N = 2000; CFI = .98; RMSEA = .06), analyses were replicated for the samples collected at home and at school (n = 1000 per setting). Results indicate a factor structure equivalent to the original version, with five supplemental subscales, distributed into two subscales (Externalizing and Internalizing), stable for the two subsamples, with high internal consistency levels (α = .78-.97). The discussion highlights the utility/validity of the Portuguese version of the Problem Behavior scale among preschoolers.(AU)

RESUMO A identificação precoce de problemas do comportamento é essencial na idade pré-escolar. Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar evidências de validade (análise fatorial confirmatória) da escala de Problemas do Comportamento da versão portuguesa das Preschool and Kindergarten Behavior Scales - Second Edition (PKBS-2). Foram efetuadas análises para os 46 itens da escala, posteriormente reagrupados em 16 parcelas. Verificado o ajustamento do modelo para a totalidade da amostra (N = 2000; CFI = 0,98; RMSEA = 0,06), as análises foram replicadas para as subamostras recolhidas em casa e na escola (n = 1000 por contexto). Os resultados apontam para uma estrutura fatorial equivalente à da versão original, com cinco subescalas suplementares, repartidas por duas subescalas (Externalizante e Internalizante), e estável para as duas subamostras, com valores elevados de consistência interna (α = 0,78-0,97). A discussão enfatiza a utilidade/validade da versão portuguesa da escala de Problemas do Comportamento com pré-escolares.(AU)

RESUMEN La identificación temprana de los problemas de conducta es esencial en el preescolar. Este artículo tiene como objetivo presentar evidencias de validez (análisis factorial confirmatorio) de la escala de Problemas de Conducta de la versión portuguesa de las Preschool and Kindergarten Behavior Scales - Second Edition (PKBS-2). Se realizaron análisis para los 46 ítems de la escala, posteriormente reagrupados en 16 parcelas. Se verifico el ajuste del modelo en la muestra completa (N = 2000; CFI = 0,98; RMSEA = 0,06), y se replicaron los análisis en las submuestras recogidas en casa y en la escuela (n = 1000 por contexto). Los resultados apuntan a una estructura factorial equivalente a la de la versión original, con cinco subescalas suplementarias, distribuidas en dos subescalas (Externalizante e Internalizante), que se mantiene en ambas submuestras, con valores elevados de consistencia interna (α = 0,78-0,97). La discusión acentúa la utilidad/validez de la versión portuguesa de la escala de Problemas de Conducta con preescolares.(AU)

Qualidade de vida familiar, satisfação com a vida e apoio social percebido na deficiência visual / Family quality of life, satisfaction with life and perceived social support in visual impairment / Calidad de la vida familiar, satisfacción con la vida y el apoyo social percibido en la discapacidad visual

O estudo da influência da deficiência visual no indivíduo permanece ainda com questões por responder. Esta pesquisa comparou a qualidade de vida familiar, satisfação com a vida e apoio social percebido numa amostra de sujeitos adultos com deficiência visual (n = 52) e normovisuais (n = 52). Verificaram-se diferenças estatisticamente significativas, com o grupo com deficiência visual a apresentar resultados superiores nos fatores Tempo e Emprego do QOL e resultados inferiores no fator Mass Media do QOL e na subescala Vinculação da EPS. Obtiveram-se diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre as variáveis demográficas e a qualidade de vida familiar e o apoio social percebido, nas variáveis sexo (resultado superior no sexo masculino), idade (resultados mais elevados entre 18-35 anos) e situação profissional (resultados superiores em sujeitos empregados), no grupo com deficiência visual. Apesar do contributo deste trabalho, são necessários mais estudos para clarificar a influência da deficiência visual no indivíduo, como também na família.(AU).

The study of the influence of visual impairment on the individual still remains with unanswered questions. This research compared the quality of family life, life satisfaction and perceived social support in a sample of adult with visual impairment (n = 52) and sighted (n = 52) using. There were obtained statistically significant differences with the group with visual impairment providing superior results in the factors Time and Employment of the QOL, lower results in the factor Mass Media of the QOL and the subscale Attachment of the EPS. There was obtained statistically significant differences between demographic variables and the quality of family life and perceived social support, on the variables gender (higher result in males), age (higher results from 18-35 years), and employment status (superior results in employed subjects), in the group with visual disabilities. Despite the contribution of this study, further studies are needed to clarify the influence of visual impairment on the individual but also the family.(AU).

El estudio de la influencia de la discapacidad visual en el individuo permanece aún con preguntas sin respuesta. Este estudio comparó la calidad de la vida familiar, satisfacción con la vida y el apoyo social percibido en una muestra de sujetos adultos con discapacidad visual (n = 52) y normovisuais (n = 52). Se comprobaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas, con el grupo con deficiencia visual mostrando resultados superiores en los factores Tiempo y Empleo del QOL, y menores resultados en los Mass Media del QOL y la subescala de Vinculación de la EPS. Se han encontrado diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre las variables demográficas y la calidad de la vida familiar y el apoyo social percibido, en las variables sexo (mayor resultado en los hombres), edad (resultados mayores de 18-35 años) y situación laboral (resultados superiores en los sujetos empleados), en el grupo con discapacidades visuales. A pesar de la contribución de este estudio, son necesarios más estudios para aclarar la influencia de la discapacidad visual en el individuo, sino también en la familia.(AU).

Escala de Sentido de Competência Parental (PSOC): estudos psicométricos / Parenting Sense of Competence Scale (PSOC): Psychometric studies / Escala de Sentido de Competencia Parental (PSOC): estudios psicométricos

O objetivo desta pesquisa consistiu em reforçar os estudos de validade e de precisão da escala de Sentido de Competência Parental (PSOC) com pais de crianças portuguesas, em uma amostra de 436 pais de crianças com 3 a 6 anos. A análise fatorial confirmatória confirmou o ajustamento dos dados a um modelo de dois fatores (Satisfação e Eficácia). As duas subescalas apresentaram bons índices de consistência interna. Os resultados mostraram-se negativamente correlacionados ao nível de atividade motora das crianças e positivamente com o bem-estar psicológico dos pais. Pais de crianças com problemas de comportamento externalizantes apresentaram resultados mais baixos. Não se observaram diferenças em função da idade da criança, mas os pais de meninos, mais velhos e mais escolarizados reportaram sentir-se menos eficazes. O nível de satisfação correlacionou-se positivamente à escolaridade dos pais. Os resultados documentaram as boas características psicométricas da PSOC portuguesa.(AU)

The main goal of this research was to reinforce validity and reliability studies of the Parenting Sense of Competence scale (PSOC) with parents of Portuguese children. The study was based on a sample of 436 parents of 3 to 6 year old children. CFA confirmed the data adjustment to a bi-factorial model (Satisfaction and Efficacy). Both subscales had good internal consistency. Results were negatively correlated with children’s activity level and positively with parents’ well-being. Parents of children with externalizing behavior problems scored lower. There were no differences according to children’s age but parents of boys, older and parents who were more educated rated themselves as having lower levels of efficacy, while parent’s education was positively correlated with satisfaction level. Results documented the good psychometric properties of the PSOC Portuguese version.(AU)

El objetivo principal de esta investigación fue reforzar los estudios de validez y fiabilidad de la escala de Sentido de Competencia Parental (PSOC) con padres de niños portugueses. Se realizó el estudio con base en una muestra de 436 padres con niños de entre 3 y 6 años. El AFC confirmó el ajuste de los datos a un modelo de dos factores (Satisfacción y Eficacia). Las dos subescalas mostraron buenos índices de consistencia interna. Los resultados reflejaron que índices más elevados en la PSOC correlacionan negativamente con el nivel de actividad motora de los niños y positivamente con el bienestar psicológico de los padres. Los padres de hijos con trastornos de conducta externalizante tuvieron resultados más bajos. No se han encontrado diferencias en función de la edad del niño, pero sí se encontró que los padres de varones, padres de más edad y con mayor nivel académico tienden a percibirse como menos eficaces. Por su parte, el nivel de satisfacción correlaciona positivamente con el nivel académico de los padres. Los resultados indicaron que la PSOC portuguesa tiene buenas características psicométricas.(AU)

Escala de Sentido de Competência Parental (PSOC): estudos psicométricos / Parenting Sense of Competence Scale (PSOC): Psychometric studies / Escala de Sentido de Competencia Parental (PSOC): estudios psicométricos

O objetivo desta pesquisa consistiu em reforçar os estudos de validade e de precisão da escala de Sentido de Competência Parental (PSOC) com pais de crianças portuguesas, em uma amostra de 436 pais de crianças com 3 a 6 anos. A análise fatorial confirmatória confirmou o ajustamento dos dados a um modelo de dois fatores (Satisfação e Eficácia). As duas subescalas apresentaram bons índices de consistência interna. Os resultados mostraram-se negativamente correlacionados ao nível de atividade motora das crianças e positivamente com o bem-estar psicológico dos pais. Pais de crianças com problemas de comportamento externalizantes apresentaram resultados mais baixos. Não se observaram diferenças em função da idade da criança, mas os pais de meninos, mais velhos e mais escolarizados reportaram sentir-se menos eficazes. O nível de satisfação correlacionou-se positivamente à escolaridade dos pais. Os resultados documentaram as boas características psicométricas da PSOC portuguesa...

The main goal of this research was to reinforce validity and reliability studies of the Parenting Sense of Competence scale (PSOC) with parents of Portuguese children. The study was based on a sample of 436 parents of 3 to 6 year old children. CFA confirmed the data adjustment to a bi-factorial model (Satisfaction and Efficacy). Both subscales had good internal consistency. Results were negatively correlated with children’s activity level and positively with parents’ well-being. Parents of children with externalizing behavior problems scored lower. There were no differences according to children’s age but parents of boys, older and parents who were more educated rated themselves as having lower levels of efficacy, while parent’s education was positively correlated with satisfaction level. Results documented the good psychometric properties of the PSOC Portuguese version...

El objetivo principal de esta investigación fue reforzar los estudios de validez y fiabilidad de la escala de Sentido de Competencia Parental (PSOC) con padres de niños portugueses. Se realizó el estudio con base en una muestra de 436 padres con niños de entre 3 y 6 años. El AFC confirmó el ajuste de los datos a un modelo de dos factores (Satisfacción y Eficacia). Las dos subescalas mostraron buenos índices de consistencia interna. Los resultados reflejaron que índices más elevados en la PSOC correlacionan negativamente con el nivel de actividad motora de los niños y positivamente con el bienestar psicológico de los padres. Los padres de hijos con trastornos de conducta externalizante tuvieron resultados más bajos. No se han encontrado diferencias en función de la edad del niño, pero sí se encontró que los padres de varones, padres de más edad y con mayor nivel académico tienden a percibirse como menos eficaces. Por su parte, el nivel de satisfacción correlaciona positivamente con el nivel académico de los padres. Los resultados indicaron que la PSOC portuguesa tiene buenas características psicométricas...

Preschool and Kindergarten Behavior Scales - Second Edition (PKBS-2): adaptação e estudos psicométricos da versão portuguesa / Preschool and Kindergarten Behavior Scales - Second Edition (PKBS-2): adaptation and psychometric studies of the Portuguese version

Este artigo tem por objetivo apresentar o processo de tradução, adaptação e alguns estudos psicométricos da versão portuguesa das Preschool and Kindergarten Behavior Scales - Second Edition (PKBS-2; Merrell, 2002), uma escala de avaliação com 76 itens na sua versão original, especificamente desenvolvida para avaliar aptidões sociais e problemas de comportamento em crianças pré-escolares. A amostra normativa é composta por 1000 crianças pré-escolares avaliadas por pais e educadores/professores. Foram efetuados estudos de tradução/adaptação e inclusão de outros itens relevantes que, após análises de itens, análise fatorial exploratória e de consistência interna, resultaram numa versão portuguesa com 80 itens. Os resultados da análise fatorial exploratória permitiram identificar três subescalas para a escala de Aptidões Sociais e duas subescalas para a de Problemas de Comportamento. As escalas apresentaram uma boa consistência interna e foram observadas intercorrelações moderadas a elevadas entre as subescalas e o resultado total. Para a estabilidade temporal, os resultados são congruentes com os da versão original, com valores moderados a elevados (r = 0,65 a 0,90). Apesar de algumas limitações apresentadas, fica disponível uma ferramenta útil e válida na avaliação de aptidões sociais e problemas de comportamento das crianças portuguesas pré-escolares.(AU)

This study aims to document the process of translation, adaptation and some psychometric studies of the Portuguese version of the Preschool and Kindergarten Behavior Scales - Second Edition (PKBS-2; Merrell, 2002), a behavior rating scale with 76 items on the original version, specifically developed to assess social skills and problem behaviors in preschool children. The normative sample comprises 1000 preschoolers rated by their parents and teachers. Studies of translation/adaptation and inclusion of other relevant items were done. After item analyses, exploratory factor analysis and internal consistency studies the Portuguese version with 80 items was developed. Exploratory factor analysis studies identified three subscales for the Social Skills Scale and two subscales for the Problem Behaviors Scale. The scales showed good internal consistency, and moderate to high correlations between subscales and the total score were observed. Results from the test-retest study are congruent with results from the original version, with moderate to high values (r = .65 to .90). In spite of the presented limitations, it is made available a useful and valid tool for the assessment of social skills and problem behaviors of preschool Portuguese children. (AU)

Pais e/ou professores? Acordo entre informadores na avaliação socioemocional de pré-escolares / Parents and/or teachers? Inter-ratter agreement on preschoolers social-emotional assessment

Pais e professores são os informadores mais requisitados na avaliação socioemocional em idade pré-escolar. Todavia, o facto de informadores que interagem com a criança em diversos contextos poderem ter perspetivas distintas coloca, frequentemente, em causa a fiabilidade e validade desses relatos. O presente artigo tem por objetivo rever 22 estudos de 57 identificados, publicados desde 1987 até 2011, acerca do acordo entre informadores dos contextos familiar e escolar, no preenchimento de inventários comportamentais. Os vários estudos sugerem um grau de acordo reduzido a moderado e a inexistência de um informador-chave na avaliação socioemocional, alertando para a necessidade de recolha paralela da perspetiva de pais e professores, para obter um retrato mais completo dos comportamentos. São discutidas as implicações dos resultados para estudos futuros...

Parents and teachers are the most requested informants for preschool social-emotional assessment. However, the fact that informants who interact with the child in different settings may have different perspectives frequently calls into question the reliability and validity of these reports. The present paper intends to review 22 studies of 57 identified, published between 1987 and 2011, about the agreement between informants from home and school settings while completing rating scales. The studies suggest a low to moderate informant agreement and the inexistence of a key-informant in social-emotional assessment, therefore drawing attention to the need to collect the perspectives of both parents and teachers, as a means of achieving a more complete picture of behaviors. Results are discussed in their implications for future research...

Pais e/ou professores? Acordo entre informadores na avaliação socioemocional de pré-escolares / Parents and/or teachers? Inter-ratter agreement on preschoolers social-emotional assessment

Pais e professores são os informadores mais requisitados na avaliação socioemocional em idade pré-escolar. Todavia, o facto de informadores que interagem com a criança em diversos contextos poderem ter perspetivas distintas coloca, frequentemente, em causa a fiabilidade e validade desses relatos. O presente artigo tem por objetivo rever 22 estudos de 57 identificados, publicados desde 1987 até 2011, acerca do acordo entre informadores dos contextos familiar e escolar, no preenchimento de inventários comportamentais. Os vários estudos sugerem um grau de acordo reduzido a moderado e a inexistência de um informador-chave na avaliação socioemocional, alertando para a necessidade de recolha paralela da perspetiva de pais e professores, para obter um retrato mais completo dos comportamentos. São discutidas as implicações dos resultados para estudos futuros.(AU)

Parents and teachers are the most requested informants for preschool social-emotional assessment. However, the fact that informants who interact with the child in different settings may have different perspectives frequently calls into question the reliability and validity of these reports. The present paper intends to review 22 studies of 57 identified, published between 1987 and 2011, about the agreement between informants from home and school settings while completing rating scales. The studies suggest a low to moderate informant agreement and the inexistence of a key-informant in social-emotional assessment, therefore drawing attention to the need to collect the perspectives of both parents and teachers, as a means of achieving a more complete picture of behaviors. Results are discussed in their implications for future research.(AU)